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详细说明MySQL5.7中的关键字与保留字

[摘要]最近在将数据从Oracle迁移到MySQL的过程中,遇到一些问题,其中就包括关键字。下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了MySQL 5.7中的关键字与保留字的相关资料,文中介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考学习,下面来一起看看吧。前言MySQL和Oracle的关键字还是不尽相同的,在Oracle数据库中,...
最近在将数据从Oracle迁移到MySQL的过程中,遇到一些问题,其中就包括关键字。下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了MySQL 5.7中的关键字与保留字的相关资料,文中介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考学习,下面来一起看看吧。

前言

MySQL和Oracle的关键字还是不尽相同的,在Oracle数据库中,我们的数据表中定义了大量的code字段用来表示主键,但是在MySQL中code是关键字,使用以前的处理方法就有些“水土不服”。

下面我们来了解一下MySQL中的关键字和保留字。

什么是关键字和保留字

关键字是指在SQL中有意义的字。 某些关键字(例如SELECT,DELETE或BIGINT)是保留的,需要特殊处理才能用作表和列名称等标识符。 这一点对于内置函数的名称也适用。

如何使用关键字和保留字

非保留关键字允许作为标识符,不需要加引号。 如果您要适用保留字作为标识符,就必须适用引号。

举个例子,BEGIN和END是关键字,但不是保留字,因此它们用作标识符不需要引号。 INTERVAL是保留关键字,必须加上引号才能用作标识符。

mysql>
mysql> use hoegh;
Database changed
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE interval (begin INT, end INT);
ERROR 1064 (42000):
mysql>
mysql> CREATE TABLE `interval` (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)

mysql>
mysql> show create table `interval`;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
  Table   Create Table
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
  interval   CREATE TABLE `interval` (
 `begin` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `end` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1  
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

我们看到,第一条语句中表名使用了保留字interval,执行失败;

第二条语句对interval加了引号,执行成功。

在这里需要注意的是,引号必须是反引号,而非单引号。否则会报错,如下所示:

mysql>
mysql> drop table `interval`;--使用反引号
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql>
mysql> create table 'interval' (begin INT, end INT);--使用单引号,报错
ERROR 1064 (42000):

mysql>

有一个例外

如果标识符在限定名称(数据库名)的句点之后,即使是保留关键字也不需要引号。

我们以hoegh数据库为例,如果表名写为hoegh.interval就不需要对保留字interval加引号了。

mysql>
mysql> create table hoegh.interval (begin INT, end INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

mysql>
mysql> show create table hoegh.interval;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
  Table   Create Table
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
  interval   CREATE TABLE `interval` (
 `begin` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
 `end` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1  
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

关于使用内置函数名称

允许内置函数的名称可以作为标识符,但最好谨慎使用。例如,COUNT作为列名称是合法的。但是,默认情况下,在函数名和后面的(之间的函数调用中不允许有空格。这个限制使解析器能够区分名称是用于函数调用还是用在非函数上下文中。

附录

在某些时候,您可能需要升级到更高版本,因此最好查看一下未来的保留字。您可以在涵盖更高版本的MySQL的手册中找到这些。对于表中的大多数保留字,在标准SQL中禁止作为列或表的名称(例如,GROUP)。其中一些保留字,是由于MySQL需要它们并使用一个yacc解析器。

以下列出三张表格:

第一个表格10.2显示MySQL 5.7中的关键字和保留字。保留的关键字标记为(R)。此外,_FILENAME是保留的。

第二个表格10.3显示MySQL 5.7相比5.6版本新增的保留字。

第三个表格10.4显示MySQL 5.7相比5.6版本删除的保留字。

Table 10.2 Keywords and Reserved Words in MySQL 5.7

ACCESSIBLE (R)ACCOUNT[a]ACTION














































ADD (R)AFTERAGAINST














































AGGREGATEALGORITHMALL (R)














































ALTER (R)ALWAYS[b]ANALYSE














































ANALYZE (R)AND (R)ANY














































AS (R)ASC (R)ASCII














































ASENSITIVE (R)ATAUTOEXTEND_SIZE














































AUTO_INCREMENTAVGAVG_ROW_LENGTH














































BACKUPBEFORE (R)BEGIN














































BETWEEN (R)BIGINT (R)BINARY (R)














































BINLOGBITBLOB (R)














































BLOCKBOOLBOOLEAN














































BOTH (R)BTREEBY (R)














































BYTECACHECALL (R)














































CASCADE (R)CASCADEDCASE (R)














































CATALOG_NAMECHAINCHANGE (R)














































CHANGEDCHANNEL[c]CHAR (R)














































CHARACTER (R)CHARSETCHECK (R)














































CHECKSUMCIPHERCLASS_ORIGIN














































CLIENTCLOSECOALESCE














































CODECOLLATE (R)COLLATION














































COLUMN (R)COLUMNSCOLUMN_FORMAT














































COLUMN_NAMECOMMENTCOMMIT














































COMMITTEDCOMPACTCOMPLETION














































COMPRESSEDCOMPRESSION[d]CONCURRENT














































CONDITION (R)CONNECTIONCONSISTENT














































CONSTRAINT (R)CONSTRAINT_CATALOGCONSTRAINT_NAME














































CONSTRAINT_SCHEMACONTAINSCONTEXT














































CONTINUE (R)CONVERT (R)CPU














































CREATE (R)CROSS (R)CUBE














































CURRENTCURRENT_DATE (R)CURRENT_TIME (R)














































CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)CURRENT_USER (R)CURSOR (R)














































CURSOR_NAMEDATADATABASE (R)














































DATABASES (R)DATAFILEDATE














































DATETIMEDAYDAY_HOUR (R)














































DAY_MICROSECOND (R)DAY_MINUTE (R)DAY_SECOND (R)














































DEALLOCATEDEC (R)DECIMAL (R)














































DECLARE (R)DEFAULT (R)DEFAULT_AUTH














































DEFINERDELAYED (R)DELAY_KEY_WRITE














































DELETE (R)DESC (R)DESCRIBE (R)














































DES_KEY_FILEDETERMINISTIC (R)DIAGNOSTICS














































DIRECTORYDISABLEDISCARD














































DISKDISTINCT (R)DISTINCTROW (R)














































p (R)DODOUBLE (R)














































DROP (R)DUAL (R)DUMPFILE














































DUPLICATEDYNAMICEACH (R)














































ELSE (R)ELSEIF (R)ENABLE














































ENCLOSED (R)ENCRYPTION[e]END














































ENDSENGINEENGINES














































ENUMERRORERRORS














































ESCAPEESCAPED (R)EVENT














































EVENTSEVERYEXCHANGE














































EXECUTEEXISTS (R)EXIT (R)














































EXPANSIONEXPIREEXPLAIN (R)














































EXPORTEXTENDEDEXTENT_SIZE














































FALSE (R)FASTFAULTS














































FETCH (R)FIELDSFILE














































FILE_BLOCK_SIZE[f]FILTER[g]FIRST














































FIXEDFLOAT (R)FLOAT4 (R)














































FLOAT8 (R)FLUSHFOLLOWS[h]














































FOR (R)FORCE (R)FOREIGN (R)














































FORMATFOUNDFROM (R)














































FULLFULLTEXT (R)FUNCTION














































GENERALGENERATED[i] (R)GEOMETRY














































GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONGET (R)GET_FORMAT














































GLOBALGRANT (R)GRANTS














































GROUP (R)GROUP_REPLICATION[j]HANDLER














































HASHHAVING (R)HELP














































HIGH_PRIORITY (R)HOSTHOSTS














































HOURHOUR_MICROSECOND (R)HOUR_MINUTE (R)














































HOUR_SECOND (R)IDENTIFIEDIF (R)














































IGNORE (R)IGNORE_SERVER_IDSIMPORT














































IN (R)INDEX (R)INDEXES














































INFILE (R)INITIAL_SIZEINNER (R)














































INOUT (R)INSENSITIVE (R)INSERT (R)














































INSERT_METHODINSTALLINSTANCE[k]














































INT (R)INT1 (R)INT2 (R)














































INT3 (R)INT4 (R)INT8 (R)














































INTEGER (R)INTERVAL (R)INTO (R)














































INVOKERIOIO_AFTER_GTIDS (R)














































IO_BEFORE_GTIDS (R)IO_THREADIPC














































IS (R)ISOLATIONISSUER














































ITERATE (R)JOIN (R)JSON[l]














































KEY (R)KEYS (R)KEY_BLOCK_SIZE














































KILL (R)LANGUAGELAST














































LEADING (R)LEAVE (R)LEAVES














































LEFT (R)LESSLEVEL














































LIKE (R)LIMIT (R)LINEAR (R)














































LINES (R)LINESTRINGLIST














































LOAD (R)LOCALLOCALTIME (R)














































LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)LOCK (R)LOCKS














































LOGFILELOGSLONG (R)














































LONGBLOB (R)LONGTEXT (R)LOOP (R)














































LOW_PRIORITY (R)MASTERMASTER_AUTO_POSITION














































MASTER_BIND (R)MASTER_CONNECT_RETRYMASTER_DELAY














































MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIODMASTER_HOSTMASTER_LOG_FILE














































MASTER_LOG_POSMASTER_PASSWORDMASTER_PORT














































MASTER_RETRY_COUNTMASTER_SERVER_IDMASTER_SSL














































MASTER_SSL_CAMASTER_SSL_CAPATHMASTER_SSL_CERT














































MASTER_SSL_CIPHERMASTER_SSL_CRLMASTER_SSL_CRLPATH














































MASTER_SSL_KEYMASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT(R)MASTER_TLS_VERSION[m]














































MASTER_USERMATCH (R)MAXVALUE (R)














































MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOURMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOURMAX_ROWS














































MAX_SIZEMAX_STATEMENT_TIME[n]MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR














































MAX_USER_CONNECTIONSMEDIUMMEDIUMBLOB (R)














































MEDIUMINT (R)MEDIUMTEXT (R)MEMORY














































MERGEMESSAGE_TEXTMICROSECOND














































MIDDLEINT (R)MIGRATEMINUTE














































MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)MINUTE_SECOND (R)MIN_ROWS














































MOD (R)MODEMODIFIES (R)














































MODIFYMONTHMULTILINESTRING














































MULTIPOINTMULTIPOLYGONMUTEX














































MYSQL_ERRNONAMENAMES














































NATIONALNATURAL (R)NCHAR














































NDBNDBCLUSTERNEVER[o]














































NEWNEXTNO














































NODEGROUPNONBLOCKING[p]NONE














































NOT (R)NO_WAITNO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)














































NULL (R)NUMBERNUMERIC (R)














































NVARCHAROFFSETOLD_PASSWORD[q]














































ON (R)ONEONLY














































OPENOPTIMIZE (R)OPTIMIZER_COSTS[r] (R)














































OPTION (R)OPTIONALLY (R)OPTIONS














































OR (R)ORDER (R)OUT (R)














































OUTER (R)OUTFILE (R)OWNER














































PACK_KEYSPAGEPARSER














































PARSE_GCOL_EXPR[s]PARTIALPARTITION (R)














































PARTITIONINGPARTITIONSPASSWORD














































PHASEPLUGINPLUGINS














































PLUGIN_DIRPOINTPOLYGON














































PORTPRECEDES[t]PRECISION (R)














































PREPAREPRESERVEPREV














































PRIMARY (R)PRIVILEGESPROCEDURE (R)














































PROCESSLISTPROFILEPROFILES














































PROXYPURGE (R)QUARTER














































QUERYQUICKRANGE (R)














































READ (R)READS (R)READ_ONLY














































READ_WRITE (R)REAL (R)REBUILD














































RECOVERREDOFILEREDO_BUFFER_SIZE














































REDUNDANTREFERENCES (R)REGEXP (R)














































RELAYRELAYLOGRELAY_LOG_FILE














































RELAY_LOG_POSRELAY_THREADRELEASE (R)














































RELOADREMOVERENAME (R)














































REORGANIZEREPAIRREPEAT (R)














































REPEATABLEREPLACE (R)REPLICATE_DO_DB[u]














































REPLICATE_DO_TABLE[v]REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB[w]REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE[x]














































REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB[y]REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE[z]REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE[aa]














































REPLICATIONREQUIRE (R)RESET














































RESIGNAL (R)RESTORERESTRICT (R)














































RESUMERETURN (R)RETURNED_SQLSTATE














































RETURNSREVERSEREVOKE (R)














































RIGHT (R)RLIKE (R)ROLLBACK














































ROLLUPROTATE[ab]ROUTINE














































ROWROWSROW_COUNT














































ROW_FORMATRTREESAVEPOINT














































SCHEDULESCHEMA (R)SCHEMAS (R)














































SCHEMA_NAMESECONDSECOND_MICROSECOND (R)














































SECURITYSELECT (R)SENSITIVE (R)














































SEPARATOR (R)SERIALSERIALIZABLE














































SERVERSESSIONSET (R)














































SHARESHOW (R)SHUTDOWN














































SIGNAL (R)SIGNEDSIMPLE














































SLAVESLOWSMALLINT (R)














































SNAPSHOTSOCKETSOME














































SONAMESOUNDSSOURCE














































SPATIAL (R)SPECIFIC (R)SQL (R)














































SQLEXCEPTION (R)SQLSTATE (R)SQLWARNING (R)














































SQL_AFTER_GTIDSSQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPSSQL_BEFORE_GTIDS














































SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)SQL_BUFFER_RESULTSQL_CACHE














































SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)SQL_NO_CACHESQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)














































SQL_THREADSQL_TSI_DAYSQL_TSI_HOUR














































SQL_TSI_MINUTESQL_TSI_MONTHSQL_TSI_QUARTER














































SQL_TSI_SECONDSQL_TSI_WEEKSQL_TSI_YEAR














































SSL (R)STACKEDSTART














































STARTING (R)STARTSSTATS_AUTO_RECALC














































STATS_PERSISTENTSTATS_SAMPLE_PAGESSTATUS














































STOPSTORAGESTORED[ac] (R)














































STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)STRINGSUBCLASS_ORIGIN














































SUBJECTSUBPARTITIONSUBPARTITIONS














































SUPERSUSPENDSWAPS














































SWITCHESTABLE (R)TABLES














































TABLESPACETABLE_CHECKSUMTABLE_NAME














































TEMPORARYTEMPTABLETERMINATED (R)














































TEXTTHANTHEN (R)














































TIMETIMESTAMPTIMESTAMPADD














































TIMESTAMPDIFFTINYBLOB (R)TINYINT (R)














































TINYTEXT (R)TO (R)TRAILING (R)














































TRANSACTIONTRIGGER (R)TRIGGERS














































TRUE (R)TRUNCATETYPE














































TYPESUNCOMMITTEDUNDEFINED














































UNDO (R)UNDOFILEUNDO_BUFFER_SIZE














































UNICODEUNINSTALLUNION (R)














































UNIQUE (R)UNKNOWNUNLOCK (R)














































UNSIGNED (R)UNTILUPDATE (R)














































UPGRADEUSAGE (R)USE (R)














































USERUSER_RESOURCESUSE_FRM














































USING (R)UTC_DATE (R)UTC_TIME (R)














































UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)VALIDATION[ad]VALUE














































VALUES (R)VARBINARY (R)VARCHAR (R)














































VARCHARACTER (R)VARIABLESVARYING (R)














































VIEWVIRTUAL[ae] (R)WAIT














































WARNINGSWEEKWEIGHT_STRING














































WHEN (R)WHERE (R)WHILE (R)














































WITH (R)WITHOUT[af]WORK














































WRAPPERWRITE (R)X509














































XAXID[ag]XML














































XOR (R)YEARYEAR_MONTH (R)














































ZEROFILL (R)














































[a] ACCOUNT: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[b] ALWAYS: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[c] CHANNEL: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[d] COMPRESSION: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)

[e] ENCRYPTION: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[f] FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[g] FILTER: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[h] FOLLOWS: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)

[i] GENERATED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[j] GROUP_REPLICATION: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)

[k] INSTANCE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[l] JSON: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)

[m] MASTER_TLS_VERSION: added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved)

[n] MAX_STATEMENT_TIME: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8

[o] NEVER: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved)

[p] NONBLOCKING: removed in 5.7.6

[q] OLD_PASSWORD: removed in 5.7.5

[r] OPTIMIZER_COSTS: added in 5.7.5 (reserved)

[s] PARSE_GCOL_EXPR: added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8

[t] PRECEDES: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)

[u] REPLICATE_DO_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[v] REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[w] REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[x] REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[y] REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[z] REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[aa] REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)

[ab] ROTATE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)

[ac] STORED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[ad] VALIDATION: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

[ae] VIRTUAL: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)

[af] WITHOUT: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

[ag] XID: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)

Table 10.3 Keywords and Reserved Words Added in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6

ACCOUNTALWAYSCHANNEL
COMPRESSIONENCRYPTIONFILE_BLOCK_SIZE
FILTERFOLLOWSGENERATED (R)
GROUP_REPLICATIONINSTANCEJSON
MASTER_TLS_VERSIONNEVEROPTIMIZER_COSTS (R)
PARSE_GCOL_EXPRPRECEDESREPLICATE_DO_DB
REPLICATE_DO_TABLEREPLICATE_IGNORE_DBREPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE
REPLICATE_REWRITE_DBREPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLEREPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE
ROTATESTACKEDSTORED (R)
VALIDATIONVIRTUAL (R)WITHOUT
XID

Table 10.4 Keywords and Reserved Words Removed in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6

OLD_PASSWORD

总结

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